【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingAnaerobicBiodegradationofPlasticMaterialsUnderAcceleratedLandfillConditions
【原文标准名称】:加速土地填筑条件下塑料材料的厌氧生物降解测定的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5526-1994(2002)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1994
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.96
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:降解;条件;浸出;生物降解;厌氧生物降解;试验;加速土地填筑;曝光试验;塑料;处理;分解;分解
【英文主题词】:acceleratedlandfill;anaerobicbiodegradation;biodegradation;drydigestion;ecotoxicity;landfill;metabolites;plastics;testmethod
【摘要】:Decompositionofaplasticwithinalandfillinvolvesbiologicalprocessesthatwillaffectthedecompositionofothermaterialsenclosedby,orincloseproximityto,theplastic.Rapiddegradationoftheplasticmayincreasetheeconomicfeasibilityoflandfill-gasrecovery,minimizethedurationofafter-careofthelandfill,andmakepossibletherecoveryofthevolumereductionofthewasteduetobiodegradationduringtheactivelifeofthelandfill.Thisprocedurehasbeendevelopedtopermitdeterminationoftheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticproductswhenplacedinbiologicallyactiveenvironmentssimulatinglandfillconditions.Thedecompositionofplasticmaterialsinalandfillisoflimitedimportance,asfewlandfillsareoperatedsoastobebiologicallyactive.However,asdegradationoccursinevitablyinalandfill,itisofimmediateconcernthattheplasticmaterialsdonotproducetoxicmetabolitesorendproductsunderthevariousconditionsthatmayoccurinalandfill.Themixturesremainingaftercompletionofthetestmethod,containingfullyorpartiallydegradedplasticmaterialsorextracts,canbesubmittedsubsequentlytoecotoxicitytestinginordertoassesstheenvironmentalhazardsposedbythebreakdownofplasticstovaryingdegreesinlandfills.Thistestmethodhasbeendesignedtoassessbiodegradationunderoptimumandless-than-optimumconditions.Limitations8212;Becauseawidevariationexistsintheconstructionandoperationoflandfills,andbecauseregulatoryrequirementsforlandfillsvarygreatly,thisprocedureisnotintendedtosimulatetheenvironmentofalllandfills.However,itisexpectedtocloselyresembletheenvironmentofabiologicallyactivelandfill.Morespecifically,theprocedureisintendedtocreateastandardlaboratoryenvironmentthatpermitsrapidandreproducibledeterminationoftheanaerobicbiodegradabilityunderacceleratedlandfillconditions,whileatthesametimeproducingreproduciblemixturesoffullyandpartiallydecomposedhouseholdwastewithplasticmaterialsforecotoxicologicalassessment.1.1Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthedegreeandrateofanaerobicbiodegradationofplasticmaterialsinanaccelerated-landfilltestenvironment.Thistestmethodisalsodesignedtoproducemixturesofhouseholdwasteandplasticmaterialsafterdifferentdegreesofdecompositionunderconditionsthatresemblelandfillconditions.Thetestmaterialsaremixedwithpretreatedhouseholdwasteandexposedtoamethanogenicinoculumderivedfromanaerobicdigestersoperatingonlyonpretreatedhouseholdwaste.Theanaerobicdecompositionoccursunderdry(morethan30%totalsolids)andstaticnonmixedconditions.Themixturesobtainedafterthistestmethodcanbeusedtoassesstheenvironmentalandhealthrisksofplasticmaterialsthataredegradedinalandfill.1.2Thistestmethodisdesignedtoyieldapercentageofconversionofcarboninthesampletocarboninthegaseousformunderconditionsthatresemblelandfillconditions.Thistestmethodmaynotsimulateallconditionsfoundinlandfills,especiallybiologicallyinactivelandfills.Thistestmethodmorecloselyresemblesthosetypesoflandfillsinwhichthegasgeneratedisrecoveredorevenactivelypromoted,orboth,forexample,byinoculation(codepositionofanaerobicsewagesludgeandanaerobicleachaterecirculation),moisturecontrolinthelandfill(leachaterecirculation),andtemperaturecontrol(short-terminjectionofoxygenandheatingofrecirculatedleachate)(1-7).1.3Thistestmethodisdesignedtoproducepartiallydegradedmixturesofmunicipalsolidwasteandplasticsthatcanbeusedtoassesstheecotoxicologicalrisksassociatedwiththeanaerobicdegradationofplasticsaftervariousstagesofanaer......
【中国标准分类号】:Q31
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_40
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:
基本信息
标准名称: | 造纸机械辊筒与烘缸动平衡 |
英文名称: | Dynamic balancing of rolls and dryers of paper machine |
中标分类: |
轻工、文化与生活用品 >>
轻工机械 >>
造纸机械综合 |
替代情况: | 原标准号GB 5799-1986 |
发布部门: | 国家轻工业局 |
发布日期: | 1999-04-21 |
实施日期: | 1999-04-21 |
首发日期: | 1900-01-01 |
作废日期: | 1900-01-01 |
提出单位: | 原中华人民共和国轻工业部 |
归口单位: | 全国塑料制品标准化中心 |
起草单位: | 杭州轻工机械设计研究所、杭州汽轮机厂、上海造纸机械厂、南平造纸厂等 |
起草人: | 周仁睦、叶乾笙、石惟坚、张仁权、黄肇青 |
出版社: | 中国轻工业出版社 |
出版日期: | 1999-04-21 |
页数: | 13页 |
适用范围
本标准适用于滚动轴承或滑动轴承支撑,车速大于150m/min,且转速大于100r/min的造纸机
械各种辊筒与烘缸,对于不符合前述车速和转速条件之一者可根据具体情况参照执行。标准中的平衡品质部分,可作为制造厂与用户之间验收的标准。
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所属分类: 轻工 文化与生活用品 轻工机械 造纸机械综合